A 17-year-old camper is recovering in hospital after spending six days alone in dense bushland near Walhalla East, around 180km east of Melbourne – and the story of how he made it is a masterclass in what to do when things go wrong outdoors.

William, whose surname has not been released, went missing on 6 November while camping with a friend near Stoney Creek Road between Cowwarr and Walhalla. He had left his phone, food and water back at camp when he walked off to collect extra gear, so when he didn't return he had almost nothing to work with. His friend searched without success, triggering a major operation involving more than 100 searchers, police divers, sniffer dogs and helicopters.

His survival strategy, as rescue experts told the ABC, came down to a handful of simple decisions. He rationed a single packet of chicken chips. He stayed in one spot rather than pushing through terrain he didn't know, keeping himself visible to search crews. He wrapped up in blankets against cold nights, kept sipping water where he could find it, and sang John Denver's 'Take Me Home, Country Roads' to keep morale up. Simin Ngan of Bush Search and Rescue Victoria said that, given his limited bush experience, he did exactly the right thing – staying warm and hydrated and not wandering further matters more than anything else. Bushcraft instructor Gordon Dedman agreed: constant movement is what makes lost people so hard to find.

The rescue came on Wednesday morning, when a police helicopter crew spotted his fishing tackle box from the air, then found William waving his arms. He was winched out and reunited with his mother. Despite severe sunburn, a leg cut, dehydration and low blood pressure, he was described as being in good spirits, with his mother Elizabeth saying she never lost hope.

Why should travellers care? Because this is the region's most practical survival lesson in years. Victoria's bush country can swing from scorching days to cold nights, and mobile coverage in areas like Gippsland is patchy at best. The takeaways are unglamorous but proven: tell someone your exact plan, keep your phone and water on you even for a short walk from camp, and if you do get lost, stop moving, stay visible and wait. William had virtually no gear, no experience and, in the hardest twist, lives with Level 2 autism – and he still came through by keeping calm and staying put.